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(5) (ability in the past) Be able, Could and Managed to Exercise

Be able, Could and Managed to 

Could, Be able and Managed to are used to express ability in the past but the difference is in the moment and situation. 

Could is used to express the ability in the general situation (there is no explanation about the moment) 
         I could swim before

Be able and Managed are used in the specific moment. 
         I was able to stand by my own legs when I was a year.

Manage to also used to show the ability o doing something but through difficult process

  After waiting for hours, finally I managed to see my advisor.  

Be able, Could and Managed to Exercise
We couldn't see very well as our seats were a long way from the court.
Luckily we ..............................  to catch the last train.
..............................  you play the piano when you were younger?
I ..............................  do much sport as a child because I wasn't very well.
Tom ..............................  pull off the deal – he was very disappointed.
I have always ..............................  to touch my toes.

Were you able to get any tickets for the tennis this year?  (manage)
Did you manage to get any tickets for the tennis this year?
I couldn't speak French very well as a child.  (be able)
.............................................................................................................
Mum wasn't able to cook until she went on a cookery course.  (can)
.............................................................................................................
Brad couldn't overcome his fear of flying so he never travelled.  (manage)
.............................................................................................................
I was able to spend hours on my own when I was younger.  (can)
.............................................................................................................
Phil's really excited because he managed to get Nadal's autograph.  (be able)
.............................................................................................................
Dan _____ play cricket well from an early age.
 
a) could
b) was able
c) managed
I'm really sorry but I only ________ to get one ticket.
 
a) could
b) managed
c) was able
Paula ________ work since the accident.
 
a) couldn't
b) didn't manage to
c) hasn't been able to
________ get everything done in time yesterday?
 
a) Could you
b) Were you able to
c) Did you manage
I never ________ to see Avatar in 3D.
 
a) wasn't able to
b) could
c) managed
Steve ________ hide his disappointment at coming second.
 
a) couldn't
b) wasn't able
c) didn't manage
1. I ______ speak Italian really well when I lived in Venice.
2. It was quite difficult but I ______ get it all done.
3. It was very frustrating. I ______ make her understand what I wanted.
4. I missed the last train but I ______ get a taxi.
5. I ______ do the Times crossword ten years ago but I can't nowadays. I'm getting too old!
6. I looked everywhere but I ______ find it.
7. There were very few seats left but I ______ get us two tickets.
8. I ______ run much faster when I was 20.
9. I would have liked to have gone but I ______ get a ticket.
10. I ______ see what was wrong with what I had put but I kept getting an error message.
11. I ______ read when I was only four.
12. I don't speak much Russian but I ______ make the taxi driver understand where I wanted to go.
13. I asked Tom if he ______ help.
14. How on earth did you ______ find it? It's just what I wanted.
15. Sorry I'm late. I ______ start my car.
16. When I was young, I ______ run fast but now I cannot.
17. I ______ find the correct answer anywhere.
18. In spite of his broken arm, he ______ come into the office for the meeting.

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(3). Unless, If, When, Until or As Soon As exercise (linker in conditional sentence)

Unless, If, When, Until or As Soon As  (linker in conditional sentence) Unless, If, When, Until or As Soon As are used to explain more about the sentence.  Unless, If, When, Until or As Soon As are used as mentioned below: a. Unless is used to explain about the consequence by giving a warn of negative effect.             You will get bad score unless you study hard.             Unless  you study hard, y ou will get bad score b. If is used to explain about   the consequence by giving a warn of negative or positive effect.             If you study hard, you will get   a good score.             You will get   a good score,  If  you study hard. c. When and As soon As  are used to explain about cause and effect by focusing on the moment.             He will be happy  when you respond his love. d. Until is used to explain about the duration and limit of the action.            I will be here until you come.

(5). MODAL Verb and Deduction (Probability)

Deduction and Probability  Deduction and Probability are about making prediction about event or situation. The importance is knowing how sure the prediction will happen or probably happen.   If we are really sure about our prediction (80-100%), we use must or will ( cannot or will not for negative sentence) but if we are not really sure of our prediction or doubtful , we use may, might or could.  There are two kinds of deduction and probability such as present and past form. STRONGLY SURE Present form is used for present situation by using this pattern ( must or will   + V1).                Owen always thinks about Oliv.  Owen must love Oliv. Past form  is used for past situation by using this pattern  (Must Have + V3).                                Owen always thought about Oliv.  Owen must have loved Oliv.

(3) Future Prediction ( won't, might, is likely to, will, and might not)

Future Prediction Won't, Might, Is likely to, Will, Will probably, and Might not      will, is likely to, and will probably are used when we are strongly sure about our prediction (80-100%) might, might not, probably won't, isn't likely to, and  won't are used when we are not really sure about our prediction ( less than 80 %). 81-100%                        Will 71-80                             Will probably or is likely to 61-70%                          Might 41-60%                          Might not 21-40                             Probably Won't or Isn't likely to 0%                                 Won't Future Prediction Won't, Might, Is likely to, Will, Will probably, and Might not Exercise isn't likely to          won't         might         is likely to         will         might not